ABSTRACT We present a summary of floristic variation and distribution of richness of tree and tree-like taxa (i.e., freestanding plants that reach at least 3m in height) in Brazil. We investigated composition patterns throughout phytogeographic domains and vegetation types based on 698,490 occurrence records obtained from the NeoTropTree (NTT) database, and used rarefaction and extrapolation methods to compare species richness. We delimited areas of high taxa richness in Brazil by applying the Geographic Interpolation of Endemism method. There are 9,108 tree species catalogued in NTT for Brazil, but our extrapolations indicate that the total could reach 9,525 species. Predominantly forested domains showed the greatest richness of taxa with the Amazon domain having the highest number of exclusive taxa. Fabaceae and Myrtaceae were the most represented families. The richest vegetation types were Rain Evergreen Forest and Seasonally Semideciduous Forest. Distribution patterns of richness in Brazil and among its domains were found to be controlled by different spatial scales for each taxon. Transition zones had high species richness. The patterns found here can help to identify priority areas for biodiversity conservation in Brazil.

RESUMO A berinjela é um alimento funcional rico em antioxidantes e o seu consumo traz diversos benefícios para a saúde humana. Os compostos fenólicos e antocianinas são alguns dos compostos que interferem nesta capacidade antioxidante, podendo ser influenciados pela nutrição mineral da planta. O objetivo foi analisar efeitos da adubação potássica e fosfatada nas características agronômicas, físico-químicas e nos compostos bioativos de frutos de berinjeleira. O trabalho foi conduzido no Sítio Taboquinha, município de Baldim, MG, sob as coordenadas 19º 17’ 12,5” S e 43º 54’ 01” W no período de março a outubro de 2017. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 com quatro repetições. Os fatores em estudo foram fósforo e potássio representados por quatro doses de P2O5 (0, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha-1) e quatro doses de K2O (0, 25, 50 e 75 kg ha-1), respectivamente. Concluiu-se que a adubação potássica e fosfatada não promoveram melhorias nas características agronômicas e físico-químicas nos frutos de berinjeleira; entretanto, a adubação potássica em maiores quantidades promoveu melhorias no teor de compostos fenólicos. A carência de fósforo aumentou o teor de antocianinas nos frutos, mas, interferiu negativamente na sua forma. As adubações potássica e fosfatada produziram efeitos antagônicos na umidade dos frutos.

ABSTRACT Eggplant is a functional food rich in antioxidants and its consumption brings several benefits to human health. Phenolic compounds and anthocyanins are some of the compounds that interfere in this antioxidant capacity and may be influenced by the mineral nutrition of the plant. The objective was to analyze the effects of potassium and phosphate fertilization on the agronomic and physico-chemical characteristics and bioactive compounds of eggplant fruits. The work was carried out at the Taboquinha Farm, in the municipality of Baldim, MG, at coordinates 19º 17’ 12.5” S and 43º 54’ 01” W, from March to October 2017. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with four replicates. The factors under study were phosphorus and potassium represented by four doses of P2O5 (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1) and four doses of K2O (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg ha-1), respectively. It was concluded that potassium and phosphate fertilization did not improve the agronomic and physico-chemical characteristics of eggplant fruits; however, potassium fertilization in greater amounts promoted improvements in the contents of phenolic compounds. The lack of phosphorus increased the anthocyanin content in the fruits, but interfered negatively in their shape. Potassium and phosphate fertilizations produced antagonistic effects on fruit moisture content.

RESUMEN Las hormigas habitan y explotan los hábitats más variados desde el subsuelo hasta el dosel del bosque. Sin embargo, los estudios sobre la diversidad de hormigas de la vegetación son menos frecuentes en el Amazonas. En este artículo enumeramos las especies de hormigas recogidas en el sotobosque de un remanente de bosque en un paisaje del sur de la Amazonia. La lista incluye 32 especies, de las cuales tres (9 %) son nuevos registros para el estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, siendo una de estas especies muestreadas por primera vez en Brasil.

ABSTRACT Ants inhabit and exploit the most varied habitats from the underground to the forest canopy. However, studies on the diversity of arboreal ants are less frequent in the Amazon. In this paper we list arboreal ant species sampled in understory along four transects in a forest remnant in a South Amazonian landscape. The list includes 32 species, of which three (9 %) are new records for the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, one of these species being sampled for the first time in Brazil.

Objectives To measure nursing undergraduate students’ motivation in the use of information and communication technologies in distance education and to evaluate the interference of personal characteristics in motivation for the use of these technologies. Method A quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out with the use of the scale of evaluation of motivation factors regarding the integration of information and communication technologies for education (EMITICE- Echelle de motivation lor de l'intégration des technologies de l'information et des communications dans l'enseignement). Descriptive and inferential analyses were carried out. Results The sample of 188 undergraduate nursing students presented low mean motivation, with a mean score of 77.49 (±25.57). The lack of motivation in the use of information and communication technologies was evident and more significant among women. Conclusion In general, higher motivation was found in widowed or separated students, and in those enrolled in the fifth or eighth semesters.

Objetivos mensurar la motivación en el uso de la Tecnología de la Información y Comunicación en la Educación a la Distancia de los alumnos del curso de enfermería y evaluar la interferencia de las características personales en la motivación para el uso de esas tecnologías. Método estudio con enfoque transversal cuantitativo con el uso de la Escala de Evaluación de Factores de Motivación con Relación a la Integración a la enseñanza de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados la muestra de 188 alumnos de graduación en enfermería presentó una media de motivación baja, con un cálculo medio de 77,49 (±25,57). La desmotivación en el uso de la Tecnología de la Información y Comunicación fue evidente y más acentuada en el sexo femenino. Conclusión en general, la mayor motivación fue encontrada en alumnos viudos o separados y, en aquellos matriculados en el quinto u octavo semestres.

Objetivos mensurar a motivação no uso de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação na Educação a Distância de alunos do curso de enfermagem e avaliar a interferência de características pessoais na motivação para o uso dessas tecnologias. Método estudo transversal quantitativo com o uso da Escala de Avaliação de Fatores de Motivação com Relação à Integração das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação ao Ensino. Foram realizadas análises descritiva e inferencial. Resultados a amostra de 188 alunos de graduação em enfermagem apresentou baixa média de motivação, com escore médio de 77,49 (±25,57). A desmotivação no uso da Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação foi evidente e mais acentuada no sexo feminino. Conclusão em geral, maior motivação foi encontrada em alunos viúvos ou separados e naqueles matriculados no quinto ou oitavo semestres.

Introduction: Individuals with mobility impairments associated with lower limb disabilities often face enormous challenges to participate in routine activities and to move around various environments. For many, the use of wheelchairs is paramount to provide mobility and social inclusion. Nevertheless, they still face a number of challenges to properly function in our society. Among the many difficulties, one in particular stands out: navigating in complex internal environments (indoors). The main objective of this work is to propose an architecture based on Mobile Augmented Reality to support the development of indoor navigation systems dedicated to wheelchair users, that is also capable of recording CAD drawings of the buildings and dealing with accessibility issues for that population. Methods Overall, five main functional requirements are proposed: the ability to allow for indoor navigation by means of Mobile Augmented Reality techniques; the capacity to register and configure building CAD drawings and the position of fiducial markers, points of interest and obstacles to be avoided by the wheelchair user; the capacity to find the best route for wheelchair indoor navigation, taking stairs and other obstacles into account; allow for the visualization of virtual directional arrows in the smartphone displays; and incorporate touch or voice commands to interact with the application. The architecture is proposed as a combination of four layers: User interface; Control; Service; and Infrastructure. A proof-of-concept application was developed and tests were performed with disable volunteers operating manual and electric wheelchairs. Results The application was implemented in Java for the Android operational system. A local database was used to store the test building CAD drawings and the position of fiducial markers and points of interest. The Android Augmented Reality library was used to implement Augmented Reality and the Blender open source library handled the basis for implementing directional navigation arrows. OpenGL ES provided support for various graphics and mathematical transformations for embedded systems, such as smartphones. Experiments were performed in an academic building with various labs, classrooms and male and female bathrooms. Two disable volunteers using wheelchairs showed no difficulties to interact with the application, either by entering touch or voice commands, and to navigate within the testing environment with the help of the navigational arrows implemented by the augmented reality modules. Conclusion The novel features implemented in the proposed architecture, with special emphasis on the use of Mobile Augmented Reality and the ability to identify the best routes free of potential hazards for wheelchair users, were capable of providing significant benefits for wheelchair indoor navigation when compared to current techniques described in the literature.

RESUMOEm virtude da crescente utilização de fertilizantes nitrogenados químicos, e seus impactos econômico e ambiental, é necessário buscar métodos alternativos para melhorar a fertilidade do solo, como, por exemplo, a fixação biológica de nitrogênio e/ou suplementos alternativos desse nutriente. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da inoculação e aplicação de extrato de alga, molibdênio e pó de rocha, como alternativa à aplicação de ureia, em feijão. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Foram utilizadas duas cultivares de feijão (Pérola e FEPAGRO 26), bem como os seguintes métodos de cultivo: i) convencional; ii) inoculação com a mistura de três inoculantes recomendados para o feijão; iii) inoculação + complementação via sementes, com extrato da alga Ascophyllum nodosum e fertilizante mineral contendo pó de rocha e molibdênio; iv) inoculação + complementação via foliar, utilizando-se produtos com extrato da alga Ascophyllum nodosum e fertilizante mineral contendo pó de rocha e molibdênio. A inoculação, por si só, não é suficiente para atingir patamares similares aos do método convencional, no rendimento de grãos. O método de cultivo inoculação + complementação via sementes propicia a manutenção do rendimento de grãos com menor custo, em relação ao método de cultivo convencional.

ABSTRACTAs a result of the increasing use of chemical nitrogen fertilizers and their economic and environmental impacts, it is necessary to search for alternative methods to improve soil fertility, such as biological nitrogen fixation and/or alternative supplements of this nutrient. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of inoculation and application of seaweed extract, molybdenum and rock powder, as an alternative to the application of urea, in beans. A randomized blocks design, with three replications, was used. Two common bean cultivars (Pérola and FEPAGRO 26), as well as the following cultivation methods, were used: i) conventional; ii) inoculation with a mixture of three inoculants recommended for bean; iii) inoculation + complementation via seeds, with extracts of the Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed and mineral fertilizer containing rock powder and molybdenum; iv) inoculation + complementation via leaf, using products with extracts of the Ascophyllum nodosumseaweed and mineral fertilizer containing rock powder and molybdenum. The inoculation alone is not enough to reach grain yield levels similar to those reached using the conventional method. The cultivation method with inoculation + complementation via seeds maintains grain yield with the lowest cost, in relation to the conventional method.

Hymenolobium petraeum Ducke é uma espécie arbórea pertencente à família Leguminosae conhecida popularmente por angelim-pedra. Apresenta alto valor comercial, com madeira muito utilizada na construção civil e marcenaria. Este trabalho teve por objetivo descrever morfologicamente o fruto, a semente e as plântulas, assim como, determinar as temperaturas cardeais para a germinação de sementes de angelim-pedra. Foram determinados o comprimento, a largura e a massa fresca de frutos e sementes. Para os testes de germinação foram utilizadas três repetições de 50 sementes, colocadas em placas de Petri e mantidas em germinadores nas temperaturas de 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 e 40°C e fotoperíodo de 12 horas. Os frutos são legumes-samaróides, indeiscentes, oblongos e unicarpelares. As sementes são de coloração castanho-escura, oblongas, estenospérmicas, exalbuminosas e com plúmula inconspícua. A raiz primária é branca e pubescente na região próxima ao colo; a parte aérea das plântulas possui pilosidade branca, protófilos compostos imparipinados e com inserção oposta, epicótilo verde, ereto, cilíndrico e piloso e os metáfilos imparipinados e com inserção alterna-espiralada. A germinação é semi-hipógea criptocotiledonar. Para de sementes de angelim-pedra as temperaturas máximas de germinação estão acima de 35°C e a mínima abaixo de 15°C, enquanto a faixa de temperatura ótima para germinação está entre 25 e 35°C.

Hymenolobium petraeum Ducke is a tree belonging to the family Leguminosae popularly known angelim-pedra. Possesses high commercial value, with wood widely used in construction and carpentry. The objective of the present work was to describe morphologically the fruit, the seed and the post-seminal development and to determine the cardinal temperatures for germination of angelim-pedra seeds. The length, width and dry mass of fruits and seeds were measured. For the germination tests, three repetitions of 50 seeds were placed in Petri dishes, in germination chambers at the temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C and 12 hours photoperiod. The fruits are samaroid-legumes, indehiscent, oblong, unicarpelate. The seeds are chestnut-dark, oblong, stenospermic, unalbuminous and with inconspicuous plumule. The primary root is white and pubescent near to the col; the shoot seedlings possess white pilosity and compound pinnate protophylum with opposite phyllotaxis, epicotyls green, erect, cylindrical and pilose, pinnate metaphylls with spiral pattern phyllotaxis. The germination is hypogeal cryptocotilar. The maximum germination temperature are above 35°C and the minimum below 15°C, while, the optimum temperature for germination of the seed is between 25 and 35°C.

FUNDAMENTO: Pacientes com síndrome metabólica (SM) têm alto risco coronariano e a disfunção da célula beta ou resistência à insulina pode prever um risco adicional de eventos cardiovasculares precoces. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações glicometabólicas precoces em pacientes com SM, mas sem diagnóstico de diabete tipo 2, após síndrome coronariana aguda. MÉTODOS: Um total de 114 pacientes foi submetido ao teste oral de tolerância à glicose (TOTG), 1-3 dias da alta hospitalar, após infarto agudo do miocárdio ou angina instável. Baseado no TOTG, definimos três grupos de pacientes: tolerância normal à glicose (TNG; n=26), tolerância alterada à glicose (TAG; n=39) ou diabetes mellitus (DM; n=49). O Modelo de Avaliação da Homeostase (HOMA-IR) foi usado para estimar a resistência à insulina; a responsividade da célula beta foi avaliada através do índice insulinogênico de 30 minutos (ΔI30/ΔG30). RESULTADOS: Baseado no HOMA-IR, os pacientes com DM eram mais insulino-resistentes do que aqueles com TNG ou TAG (p<0,001). De acordo com o índice insulinogênico, a responsividade da célula beta também estava alterada em indivíduos com DM (p<0,001 vs TNG ou TAG). CONCLUSÃO: Altas taxas de alterações glicometabólicas foram encontradas após síndrome coronariana aguda em pacientes com SM. Como essas anormalidades acentuadamente aumentam o risco de desfechos adversos, o TOTG precoce pode ser utilizado em pacientes com SM para identificar aqueles que apresentam maior risco coronariano.

BACKGROUND: Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are at high coronary risk and beta-cell dysfunction or insulin resistance might predict an additional risk for early cardiovascular events. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate early glucometabolic alterations in patients with MetS, but without previously known type 2 diabetes, after acute coronary syndrome. METHODS: A total of 114 patients were submitted to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 1-3 days after hospital discharge due to myocardial infarction or unstable angina. Based on the OGTT, we defined three groups of patients: normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n=26), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; n=39), or diabetes (DM; n=49). The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was used to measure insulin resistance; beta-cell responsiveness was assessed by the insulinogenic index at 30 min (ΔI30/ΔG30). RESULTS: Based on the HOMA-IR, patients with DM were more insulin-resistant than those with NGT or IGT (p<0.001). According to the insulinogenic index, the beta-cell responsiveness was also impaired in subjects with DM (p<0.001 vs NGT or IGT). CONCLUSION: High rates of glucometabolic alterations were found after acute coronary syndrome in patients with MetS. As these abnormalities markedly increase the risk for adverse outcomes, early OGTT among MetS patients might be used to identify those at the highest coronary risk.

FUNDAMENTO: Pacientes con síndrome metabólico (SM) tienen alto riesgo coronario y la disfunción de la célula beta o la resistencia a la insulina puede prever un riesgo adicional de eventos cardiovasculares precoces. OBJETIVO: Evaluar las alteraciones glucometabólicas precoces en pacientes con SM, pero sin diagnóstico de diabetes tipo 2, tras el síndrome coronario agudo. MÉTODOS: Un total de 114 pacientes fue sometido a la prueba oral de tolerancia a la glucosa (POTG), de un a tres días tras el alta hospitalaria, y luego de infarto agudo de miocardio o angina inestable. Basado en el POTG, definimos tres grupos de pacientes: tolerancia normal a la glucosa (TNG; n=26), tolerancia alterada a la glucosa (TAG; n=39) o diabetes mellitus (DM; n=49). Se utilizó el Modelo de Evaluación de la Homeostasis (HOMA-IR) para estimarse la resistencia a la insulina; se evaluó la responsividad de la célula beta a través del índice insulinogénico de 30 minutos (ΔI30/ΔG30). RESULTADOS: Basado en el HOMA-IR, los pacientes con DM se mostraban más insulinoresistentes que los individuos con TNG o TAG (p<0,001). De acuerdo con el índice insulinogénico, la responsividad de la célula beta también estaba alterada en individuos con DM (p<0,001 vs. TNG o TAG). CONCLUSIONES: Se encontraron altas tasas de alteraciones glucometabólicas tras el síndrome coronario agudo en pacientes con SM. Como esas anormalidades incrementan acentuadamente el riesgo de desenlaces adversos, el POTG precoz se puede utilizar en pacientes con SM para identificar a los que presentan mayor riesgo coronario.